An Analysis of Antwone Fisher Essay

Abstract Antwone Fisher is a story about a young man and his life as he grows from an abandoned child to a young petty officer in the Navy. But the crux of the story centers on his reactions to all of the negative events of his life. It is based a true story and has some reoccurring themes throughout. However, despite these reoccurrences, the messages are subtle and this where the soul of the story resides. Read more: Good people David foster Wallace summary  essay An Analysis of Antwone Fisher The movie Antwone Fisher is a personal narrative about a young African-American man’s struggle with his past. The main character is Antwone Fisher, a Navy Petty Officer whose father was killed two months before his birth and mother abandoned him shortly after his birth. Antwone is raised in an abusive foster home by Rev. Tate and his wife Ms. Tate. After an argument with Ms. Tate, Antwone is kicked out of the foster home and forced into a life of homelessness as a teenager for a short period of time and then joins the Navy. Once aboard ship, he is directly involved in a fight and is sent to see a Navy psychiatrist, Dr. Jerome Davenport. Antwone’s reluctance to talk to Dr. Davenport during the initial visit, results in Dr. Davenport informing Antwone that his first session doesn’t start until he begins to talk and that there will only be a total of three sessions. Eventually, the two develop a working relationship that evolves into something more meaningful as Ant wone begins to open up and talk about his past. The movie begins with Antwone dreaming of himself as a young boy, standing out in a field all alone facing a barn. He is greeted by a man who takes his hand and leads him into the barn filled with his all of his ancestors standing around a long table. The table is covered with food and as Antwone is lead to the head of the table, he takes a seat. A plate of pancakes is placed before him. Abruptly, the sound of a cow bell followed by the sound of a gunshot awakens Antwone out of his dream and he realizes he is actually lying in his bunk aboard ship. This dream is significant for a couple of reasons. The fact that Antwone is surrounded by all of his ancestors implies how much Antwone wants to have a sense of belonging and acceptance within the context of a family. Taking a seat at the head of the table represents the desire to feel proud about his family, as opposed to shame about the lack of his familial upbringing. This dream is not the only incident of its kind, as Antwone’s past is played out through a series of recollections that gives the viewer insight into whom Antwone Fisher is and why he behaves the way he does. After awakening from the dream, Antwone heads to the ship’s bathroom to groom himself for the day ahead. While Fisher wipes his face, a Caucasian shipmate asks â€Å"Is there something on your face.† Fisher ignites into a rage, punching and choking him. This incident aboard ship is another indication of the anger that resides within Fisher. More importantly, understanding why this anger is present is central to understanding the character. Through his visits with Dr. Davenport, Antwone slowly begins to recount his past; including instances of abuse and neglect he suffered at the hands of Miss. Tate while growing up. In the first session, which does not begin until Antwone decides to talk, he tells Dr. Davenport about how his mother failed to come claim him after her release from prison and Antwone spends the first two years of his life in an orphanage. Dr. Davenport then asks the question, â€Å"How does this make you feel.† Antwone exclaims, â€Å"Rainy days.† â€Å"Kids expect it to rain sometimes but for one kid it rained too much.† This is a subtle but important metaphor that Antwone uses to describe how he felt as a child; like a kid who wants to go out and play but can’t because of â€Å"rainy days .† Again in this case, the subtlety in what is not being said by the client is just as important as what is being said. This description infers the condition of someone who, because of circumstances not of his own making and beyond his control is being restrained from activity. It infers a lack of freedom. During Antwone’s second session, he describes how Miss. Tate psychologically abuses him and his foster brothers, Keith, whom Antwone describes as being half white and Dwight. He tells Dr. Davenport how Miss. Tate beat them and constantly called them â€Å"nigger†, although she herself was black. Fisher goes on to tell Dr. Davenport about how she often pitted one child against another and told the darker-skinned Dwight and Antwone that they were not as good as the lighter-skinned Keith, although neither of them escaped being called â€Å"nigger†. Then Dr. Davenport asks Antwone if Miss. Tate was ever nice to them. Antwone says yes, and refers to those times when she was nice to them as â€Å"chummy times†. He goes on to say that he could tell what kind of day it would be when he awoke by the scent in the air. If the smell of grits and eggs or wet pavement was in the air, he had to watch out the entire day, but if the smell of pancakes was in the air, it was going to be a good day. This symbolism is referenced in the first scene of the movie during Antwone’s dream. In the dream, when he takes a seat at the head of the table, a plate of pancakes is placed before him. The pancakes represent â€Å"chummy times†. These times represent the periods when Antwone felt free from the persistent harassment and scolding of Miss. Tate. When asked if Miss. Tate cooked pancakes often, Antwone replies, No sir. The second session ends on this note. The third session begins with Antwone telling Dr. Davenport about his dream the night before. More importantly, he tells Dr. Davenport about the confrontation with Miss. Tate that led to him being kicked out of the Tate home. The confrontation culminates in Antwone taking the same shoe from Miss Tate that she was trying to beat him with. Antwone described the feeling of power during this moment. He said, â€Å"It felt like I won a prize† (Fisher, 2002). Since birth Antwone Fisher never had control over his own life. The â€Å"prize† Antwone is describing is the feeling of being in control over his life for the first time. Dr. Davenport gives Antwone a book called The Slave Community, and explains that what he went through with the Tates was in part due to result of the treatment that slaves received from their masters during slavery and then is passed on to the slave’s children, generation to generation right on down to the Tates. This too is an important aspect of the counseling relationship between the two, because although it does not justify, at least it explains some of the behavior of the Tates, which might help Antwone to understand some of what he has gone through. Dr. Davenport explains that we all have choices and it is up to each individual to make the right choices. He goes on to say that despite the fact that Antwone has the right to be angry, it is up to him to channel that energy constructively. He tells Antwone to use that energy to benefit himself. Dr. Davenport then informs Antwone that this completes their third session and that he will recommend that Antwone be given a second chance to remain in the Navy. As Antwone leaves Dr. Davenport’s office the impression is one full of anxiety as Antwone rushes out of the office. However, after experiencing another incident aboard the ship, where Antwone’s anger nearly embroils him in a fight, he returns to the waiting area of Dr. Davenp ort’s office and is the source of a scene where he gets the undivided attention and angst of Dr. Davenport. Antwone explains that he feels lost and doesn’t know what to do and walks out of the office, leaving Dr. Davenport speechless and in thought. After some consideration Dr. Davenport contacts Antwone aboard his ship and informs him that if he is willing, they can continue their sessions after working hours. It is from these sessions that the therapeutic relationship changes into almost a father /son relationship. Apparently, Dr. Davenport made the decision to cross the therapist/client boundary in order to help Antwone. I believe that this was a conscious choice on behalf of Dr. Davenport despite the risks involved. Despite the attempt by Dr. Davenport to modify Antwone’s behavior, he is involved in yet another fight while on liberty, and is detained by the proper authorities. When Dr. Davenport is notified, he goes to see Antwone to discuss what happened. After a brief explanation, Antwone tells the doctor about how he was sexually abused repeatedly by a baby sitter as a boy. Antwone would seek refuge at his best friend Jesse’s house. Jesse was the only person that Antwone ever told about the sexual abuse unti l Dr. Davenport. It is important to note here what caused Antwone to react violently this time. Antwone has trigger points that cause him to dissonance and the only way he knows how to handle this dissonance within him is to react the way he does. These trigger points are all issues from his past. Unresolved issues that he has yet to deal with and the shame that goes along with those issues. The lack of a family structure and abandonment issues, the racial issues and self-hatred, the lack of being in control of his life, and the sexual abuse are all points of contention within Antwone Fisher that cause him to want to fight the source of the dissonance at that particular time. Anything that can remind him of his shameful past can trigger an episode. After a Thanksgiving Day invite by Dr. Davenport, Antwone is again reminded of his â€Å"inadequacy† when Dr. Davenport’s father innocently asks the question, â€Å"I bet you miss your mother’s holiday cooking. Don’t you† (Fisher, 2002). Instead of reacting with anger Antwone quietly excuses himself from the table, and retreats into another room. This nonviolent reaction represents growth on Antwone’s part. Shortly thereafter he is joined by Dr. Davenport. Antwone hands him a poem that he wrote. After reading the poem Dr. Davenport advises Antwone about how important it is that he locate his biological family. Antwone responds with, â€Å"Why do I need my family when I got you doc† (Fisher, 2002). It is at this point when Dr. Davenport realizes that the risk he took to allow Antwone to breach the client/therapist relationship may have unintended consequences that he failed to consider. Antwone has become comfortable in knowing and meeting Dr. Davenport’s family, but this is not what he needs to keep growing into the person he needs to become. To keep growing into that person, Antwone needs to seek out his own biological family so that all of the unanswered questions can be answered. Dr. Davenport realizes this now and knows what he must do. Dr. Davenport meets Antwone aboard the ship to tell him that the time has come to end their sessions. Breaking the news to Antwone results in him feeling abandoned all over again and his anger rises to the surface once more. This time there is a constructive purpose, as his anger yields the recollection of what happened to his childhood best friend, Jesse. Antwone tells the story of how Jesse was shot and killed trying to rob a neighborhood store. Antwone witnessed the entire ordeal and remembers how he heard the cow bell ringing above the store door after seeing his best friend shot dead on the floor. Again this is symbolism from the first scene in the movie where Antwone is awakened out of his dream by the sound of a gunshot and the ringing of cow bells. These sounds are auditory reminders of that incident and the day that his best friend â€Å"abandoned† him. Dr. Davenport hugs Antwone and tells him to contact him once he finds his family to tell him all about it. From this point the stage is set for Antwone to locate his biological family. Antwone takes leave from the Navy and travels to his hometown Cleveland, Ohio, to find his family. On the day he arrives it is raining. The trip turns out to be a first on several fronts as Antwone loses his virginity, confronts Miss Tate and the woman who sexually abused him as a child. He also receives an important piece of information, the name of his father, which he never knew. Using the area phone book Antwone uses this information to track down some possible relatives and sets up a meeting the next day. On the following day it is raining again as Antwone meets his prospective aunt and uncle and is taken to meet his mother, whom he has not seen since birth. Upon arrival Antwone is timid and walks up to his mother’s place to meet her. After entering, he meets his mother, who reacts with shock after seeing her first born son. Antwone’s first question is â€Å"Why did you never come for me (Fisher, 2002). He asks several questions and then proceeds to tell his mother about his life and telling her how he has longed for her for many years. He wants his mother to know what kind of person he has become . That he is a good person and a good man. He kisses her on the cheek as if to say â€Å"I forgive you†, and walks out of the apartment. After returning to his aunt’s house he is greeted by many members of his newly found family and introductions ensue. Then he is lead to two doors that open to reveal the elders of his family, sitting at a banquet table. On the table lies a feast, in celebration of his homecoming, including pancakes. Antwone Fisher sits down at the end of the banquet table and is given an approval by the eldest elder and once again it is what is not said during this moment that carries the most weight. The rest of the family rushes in to begin the feast. After returning to the Naval base Antwone waits outside Dr. Davenport’s office and when Dr. Davenport comes out, Antwone tells him that he has met his family and thanks him for his influence. Alternately, Dr. Davenport thanks Antwone for his effect on his life also. The Antwone Fisher story is about confronting the past, and learning from the present. It is a story about the power of relationships and second chances. Ultimately, it is the story about the self-determination of a young man, and his journey from shame and brokenness to forgiveness and wholeness. Let the church say Amen. References Fisher A 2002 Antwone FisherFisher, A. (2002). Antwone Fisher [Motion Picture]. : Twentieth Century Fox.

Discuss the Use and Impacts of Anabolic Steroids on the Human Body

Human understanding of anabolic steroids began when Arnold Adolph Berthold (1849) demonstrated loss of male characteristics in testes-deprived cockerels. Experiments carried out in castrated dogs and later in humans demonstrated the anabolic effects of testosterone (Kochakian, 1936). Testosterone became the first ever synthetic anabolic steroid when created from cholesterol and from which all the steroids used currently are derived.Anabolic steroids exert their anabolic effects on muscle and bone, and their androgenic effects on hair follicles in the skin, the liver and kidneys, and the haematopoietic, immune and central nervous systems (Mooradian et al. , 1987). Thus their ergogenic properties promote human secondary sexual characteristics, such as muscular growth and physical strength (Evans, 2004). Steroids are relatively small molecules and they can passively diffuse into cells.In target tissues, that is, the cells that contain steroid receptors, the hormone binds to the receptor ligand-binding domain, causing the receptor to change from an inactive to active state. In target tissues where intracellular enzymes are present, the action of testosterone is mediated by metabolism. Testosterone is irreversibly converted by the enzyme 5a-reductase to 5a-dihydrotestosterone (DHT), which binds with greater affinity to the androgen receptor, or by aromatase to oestradiol, which binds to the oestrogen receptor (Shahidi, 2001).Testosterone and DHT can be also converted to weaker androgens, again being dependent on whether the target tissue has the necessary enzyme activity, e. g. , 3a-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, 17ß-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. With structural modifications to testosterone, the anabolic effects of androgens can be enhanced but, even so, these cannot be divorced entirely from their androgenic effects. Hence, a more accurate term for anabolic steroids is anabolic–androgenic steroids [AAS] (Kuhn, 2002).The widespread use of anabolic steroids started during World War II, when it was found that this artificial form of testosterone could be used to help malnourished soldiers gain weight and improve performance. After the war, athletes began to use steroids to enhance their performance in competitions. In the 1956 Olympics, Soviet athletes, especially wrestlers, performed at exceptionally high levels. After learning that those athletes were using testosterone, Dr. Zeigler, an American physician created a more selective form, of what we know as anabolic steroids.From that point until the early 1970’s, steroids became increasingly popular among not just Olympic athletes, but also professional sports players and high school athletes. In 1975, the International Olympic Committee finally banned the use of steroids in Olympic competition. Although anabolic steroids are controlled substances in several countries, their use for cosmetic purposes such as development of bulging muscles and a well-toned figure is not uncommon since, it is considered a harmless manipulation.Use of these AAS involves several risks that could cause problems in both the short and long term. Prolonged use of anabolic steroids increases one’s risk of sudden death due to serious conditions like ventricular hypertrophy, thrombo-embolism and cerebro-vascular disorders. However, the cardiovascular consequences of supra- physiological androgen levels had not been determined fully until now. A research study revealed that AAS caused the impairment of vascular reactivity.It also revealed that abstention from AAS consumption, significantly improves vascular functions (Lane et al, 2006). Anabolic steroid use may also cause muscle and tendon tears, acne, liver cirrhosis, abnormal increase in cholesterol levels, and bipolar and aggressive behavior. Females undergo a deepening of the voice, increased hair loss, facial hair growth and depletion of female hormones, like estrogen and progesterone.The most common problems for male user s are reduced testosterone production, resulting in the shrinking of their testicles; erectile dysfunction, reduced sperm production and reduced sperm count. In teenagers, the continued use of AAS stops bone development (Kicman, 2008). Conversely, AAS also corrects physical problems and are employed in treatment of cachexia associated with chronic disease states, to increase testosterone levels and their effects in males whose levels are below ‘normal’ (Lew, 2007).Only relatively recently that these agents are being revisited for clinical purposes and their efficacy still needs to be demonstrated in terms of improved physical function and quality of life. For clinical purposes, the administration of these drugs can be of therapeutic benefit and reasonably safe, with the physician making objective decisions based on the benefit/risk ratio in relation to a patient's condition.Hence it is important not to overstate the medical risks associated with anabolic steroid use (Ho ffman and Ratamess, 2006) but to emphasize that the hazards to health are dependent on the sex, the dose, the duration of administration, whether hepatoxic 17a-alkylated steroids are being administered and the susceptibility of the individuals themselves to androgen exposure which is probably dependent on genetic factors, age and lifestyle.

A Fight for Renaissance by Anne Bradstreet

A Fight for Renaissance by Anne Bradstreet Anne Dudley Bradstreet was Americas first published poet. Cotton Mather described her as: a gentlewoman whose extraction and estate were considerable. She was an intelligent, well-educated poet, wife, and mother, who contradicted almost all of the stereotypes about stiff, cold Puritans. She used her talents to promote womens rights, to describe life as a Puritan woman in colonial America, and to let her husband and children know how much she loved them. Some historians have said that Anne described her own work as lowly, meanly clad, poor, ragged, foolish, broken, and blemished to appease critical males. It was the support of her family and friends who encouraged her to continue the struggle despite incredible societal pressure and rigorous odds. Her poems dealt with the hardships of life in the early settlements, the Puritan religion, and in subtle ways, the role of women in those times. Because she was a woman, her work was strongly criticized, and some believed that she stole the ideas for her writing from men. In her earlier works, Bradstreet wrote in the style of male authors that she admired. She was careful about expressing her true feelings, and this limited her abilities. She wrote for her own satisfaction, and shared her poetry with family and friends. Without her knowledge, her brother-in-law, Rev. John Woodbridge, took a manuscript of her poems to England with him and had them published in a book called, The Tenth Muse Lately sprung up in America By a Gentlewoman in those parts, which Anne had dedicated to her father. Rev. Woodbridge wrote By a Gentlewoman in the title to stress that Anne Bradstreet was a virtuous Puritan who did not neglect her duties for her writing. These later poems were her claim to fame, bec ause they reflected actual experience (as a wife, as a mother, and a woman in seventeenth-century New England), combined with a poets imagination, warmth, and a straightforward humanitarian philosophy. Anne struggled to write poetry in a society that was hostile to imagination and to a woman writer. Seventeenth century Puritan women were expected to be deferential, and her education and her privileged status as a close relative of two governors could not completely protect her from the scorn and persecution that other women who stepped out of their role in Puritan society generally received. Anne wrote quite a bit about her experiences as a wife, mother, grandmother, and as a settler in colonial America. She also wrote about nature, science, religion, the social and political happenings of the time, and about her feelings towards the biases women of her time faced. Anne Bradstreet was, in some ways, an early feminist. Through her poetry, she asserted the right of women to learning and expression of thought. The stereotypical Puritan standards at that time indicated that a womans place was in the home attending to the family and her husbands needs. Women were generally considered intellectually inferior. The attitude of Annes day was accurately expressed by Reverend Thomas Parker, a minister in Newbury, Massachusetts, in a letter to his sister, Elizabeth Avery, in England: Your printing of a book, beyond the custom of your sex, doth rankly smell. As if the social pressure wasnt bad enough, many women faced crushing workloads and a severe lack of free time, as well. Some women suffered from the lack of an education. Others internalized the belief in intellectual inferiority Western society tried to push on them from nearly every authoritative voice. It was Annes personal situation such as an extensive education, support of friends and an influential family, which gave her the means to cope with some of these obstacles. One of her later works, In Honor of That High and Mighty Princess Queen Elizabeth of Happy Memory, defiantly proclaims her opinion that women are worth more than a mans servant. Anne was deeply interested in relating the arduous life of the early settlers in her poems. Her work provides an excellent view of the difficulties she and her fellow colonists encountered. From the loss of a house to fire, to the risks and difficulties of child-bearing, to the pain of losing children, Anne described such situations with deep emotion and faith. Her writing gives modern-day readers a glimpse into Puritan views of salvation and redemption, and reveals faith that continued even in the midst of doubt. The Puritans believed that suffering was Gods way of preparing the heart for accepting His grace. Anne had difficulty reconciling herself with this idea, and she wrote about how she struggled to do everything that she could to give into His will. Puritan wives were expected to defer to their husbands within the family structure, but they were treated as fully equal in the souls vocation and in church affairs and enjoyed extensive legal and social protection against husbandly abuse of power. The delicate complexity of this view was perhaps best expressed in the couplet which Anne Bradstreet addressed to men: Preeminence each and all is yours/Yet grant some small acknowledgment of ours. Puritans also abhorred any waste of time, energy, or talent as a sin against God; ultimately, this worked in favor of talented women such as Bradstreet and defined early indications of the womens movement and clearly questioned the role of women in Puritanical society. References Blackstock, Carrie Galloway. Anne Bradstreet and Performativity: Self-Cultivation, Self-Deployment. Early American Literature 32. 3 (1987): 222-48. Bush, Sargent, Jr. American Poetry Begins: The Confident Modesty of The Tenth Muse. Wisconsin Academy Review: A Journal of Wisconsin Culture 38. 1 (Winter 1981-1982): 8-12. Caldwell, Patricia. Why Our First Poet Was a Woman: Bradstreet and the Birth Of an American Poetic Voice. Prospects: An Annual Journal of American Cultural Studies 13 (1978): 1-35. Doriani, Beth M. Then have ISaid with David: Anne Bradstreets Andover Manuscript Poems and the Influence of the Psalm Tradition. Early American Literature 24:1 (1979): 52-69. Eberwein, Anne Bradstreet (c.1612-1672). Legacy: A Journal of American Women Writers 11:2 (1984): 161-69. Kopacz, Paula. To Finish whats Begun: Anne Bradstreets Last Words. Early American Literature 23:2 (1978): 175-187. Margerum, Eileen. Anne Bradstreets Public Poetry and the Tradition of Humility. Early American Literature 17:2 (fall 1982): 152-60. Salska, Agnieska. Puritan Poetry: Its Public and Private Strain. Early American Literature 19:2 (Fall 1984): 107-121. Schweitzer, Ivy. Anne Bradstreet Wrestles with the Renaissance. Early American Literature 23:2 (1978): 291-312. Sweet, Timothy. Gender, Genre, and Subjectivity in Anne Bradstreets Early Elegies. Early American Literature 23:2 (1978); 152-174.

Database Information Systems Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Database Information Systems Management - Essay Example It is good practice during this phase of development to endure that the IS progressed to endure the desired benefits and it is bad practice to progress with the development if these desired benefits have not been realized.1 Fortunately in our project the benefits of the stakeholders had been define and benefits realized. These are important aspects of application development because they determine actions of business and IT management. An example of bad practice in developing such a system is to neglect to define who owns the IS Development. This means the individuals who are or will be responsible for all of the factors encompassing the development of the IS. These individuals include the sponsor, the IT project manager and the users. In retrospect of our project, there was some ambiguity in dedicating ownership of the IS Development. However, after defining the stakeholders the ownership and benefits objectives became clear. This is why it is good practice to set forth who owns the IS Development before progressing. It is bad practice not to define the stakeholder's role and intended benefits. e IS. A stakeholder is an individual who has an interest in the IS development and the future outcomes it. Our project the intended outcome was that SM is then able to view this Data in information format through computer-generated reports. In analysis of the outcome of the project I found that our current IS was inaccurate and did not go into much depth at all to benefit the end user Senior Management, due to lack of quality and quantity input by students. I also found that the IS itself had great potential, if the recommendations suggested were put in place. This is a good example why it is bad practice not to clearly define the benefits to all of the users, including the end users. In order to avoid these kind of mistakes and bad practices when developing an IS it is important to think of the development as a process. It is good practice to break the stakeholders down into context when developing the IS. The process includes technology, task, people and the structure or culture. These are all related to one another and it is good practice to think of stakeholder in the context of each of these steps being dependant upon each other. The technology that will be involved in the change is relative to the task to be performed. These components of the system or process depend on the stakeholders in the activity and Organisation and the structure and culture of the Organisation is important to all of the previous steps. It s bad practice to leave out any of these components and not to recognize that one has to do with the other. If any of these steps are overlooked important benefits to the stakeholders will be neglected and it will result in a faulted IS. It is good practice to think ahead and include everyone and everything you can. As the development progresses these factors can be cut down or omitted. These good practices for approaches to use when discovering stakeholders could be implemented in an IS for Emergency Medical Services (EMS). The approach that should be used would base its primary concern on patient satisfaction. An approach to

Individual Design Report Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Individual Design Report - Assignment Example Pumping fresh water out causes the increase in the degree of salt water intrusion, hence a sustainable and practical method of fresh water extraction mechanism must prevent the furtherance of such phenomenon. This design is a practical application of the mechanisms design by Dr. Bhattacharya and Dr. Basack where, a practical design for groundwater extraction was created specifically for arid regions using qanats that aims to, aside from extracting fresh water from aquifers, would create least, if not negligible, damage to the natural underground water system. Solution Both proponents of the theory based their mathematical equation to the equilibrium between saline water and that of the fresh water in the aquifers, where an interface can be calculated using the Ghyben-Herzberg relationship with the assumption of (1) homogenousity; (2) separation by a sharp interface; and (3) absence of mixing zone. Aside from using the equation and the assumption above, it is important to consider the theory of up-coning where the interface (where salt water and fresh water meets) lowers due to the extraction of fresh water (which is less dense than salt water). As the pressure above is considerably reduced, the shape of the rise of the saline water is conical and once the conical mound has been reached, the saline water mixes with the fresh. Given this scenario, it is vital that we determine the height of the cone created and from there, we can establish the amount of water to be extracted at a certain amount of time before fresh water is replenished in order to a avoid salt water intrusion. Recommendations (development and testing) Determination of the number of qanats to be used and the stratification of the bed rock present and the soil decomposition should be a preliminary resort before the implementation of the project. List of Contents Introduction Background Detail The water crisis is a looming peril that not only the third world country will have to face, but is becomin g a worldwide phenomenon at that. Water crises such as shortages and the lack of access to potable water resource suggest lack of governance and an overall mismanagement of use. But this is just the tip of the iceberg, the huge bulk of those affected by the water crises are the residents of poor countries who are gulled by the total lack of accessible water as well as the presence of water-borne disease. These are the places that suffer shortages due to the topography and the natural features of the place where it can easily be infiltrated with wastes. Even if the water crisis is the symptom of another problem, it should be given top priority. A proposal for immediate resolution is the development of sustainable water extraction facilities, especially in aquifers proximate to salt water sources such as the sea. Why the design was undertaken The main objectives for the development of a reliable water extraction system aside from effectively drawing out water from an underground sourc e is the removal of the contaminants and prevention of salt water intrusion deeper into the fresh water aquifer. There are also other important aspects such as remedial operations. Under a remedial system, it is to be kept in mind that the levels of contaminants present in an aquifer should be reduced otherwise removed. Based on the different objectives of

Crime Scene Report Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Crime Scene Report - Term Paper Example The investigators arrived at the scene and commenced the process of investigation as required. There was division of roles and each investigator carried out his or her role. Specialists also were given the special task like blood testing and fingerprinting in order to identify the perpetrators. The crime took place on March 26, 2015 and investigation process took place up to 10:55 am of March 26, 2015. The crime scene was located in a Parking Lot F at ERAU. The investigators were informed in order to visit the scene. The crime was committed and the perpetrator could not be found. At the time when the investigators arrived in the scene the suspect had escaped. The crime involved a murder which was suspected to have been caused by shooting. In order to identify the person who committed the act, the investigator collected evidence from the scene and recorded the events which took place. At the time when the investigators were carrying out the investigation, weather condition was sunny and temperature was 550c. The light condition was also good for the investigators to carry out investigation effectively. The light condition was favorable for photograph taking and the investigators could take clear photos without difficulties (Dutelle 78). A number of events took place at the scene of crime. The investigation was taking place in March 26, 2015 starting from 90:33 am. The investigators arrived at the scene at 09:33, 09:34 am and the Coroner arrived at 10:02 am. Coroner left the scene before the investigator at 10:37 am. The investigators left the scene at 10:55 am. Different materials were collected from the scene in different times. The investigators noted that 4 bullets scattered near the drive side at 09:30 am. Investigator Alex noted red pill at 10:03 am and it was collected to help in investigation. Sierra identified ticket at 10:10 am male blood from the victim at 10:33. The blood was collected for testing in order to identify if it was

Mergers and Acquisitions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Mergers and Acquisitions - Assignment Example But in acquisition only the acquiring company remains after completion of the process. The acquisition of whatsapp by facebook is discussed in the following pages. Whatsapp is a relatively new free mobile messaging service company which allows user to send messages to each other freely over the internet (It charges $1 as subscription charges after 1st year). It has a customer base of 450 million compared to facebook which has a customer base of 1.23 billion. Facebook is a giant in the area of social network and whatsapp has the potential to be a giant in the mobile messaging service domain. Facebook has recently completed its acquisition of Whatsapp for a whooping sum of $22 billion (Oreskovic, 2014). Among the big startup acquisitions that has taken place it ranks the biggest. Now the question arises why did facebook acquire whatsapp for such a whooping price? Among the many reasons some are: 4. For whatsapp things couldn’t be better because facebook has said that it will allow whatsapp to grow independently and won’t interfere. So besides the cash and instant recognition whatsapp founders are also granted freedom of making decisions. Whereas Facebook has well established its presence in the social network where it has established itself as the market leader without any doubt, whatsapp on the other hand has all potentials to be a future leader in the mobile messaging service domain. In fact the growth rate of whatsapp in the first four years of operation is much higher that facebook had (A fact that was admitted by zuckerberg himself). Although this deal is pretty recent and its actual future implications and ramifications can be known at a later stage but, this deal is going to prove a major milestone and is actually a master stroke by Facebook CEO Zuckerberg. Effects of this deal are. 2. Through this deal Facebook has actually eliminated his competitor from a seemingly unrelated

Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 3

Management - Essay Example It must be noted that the revenues generated by these non profit making organization are retained in the organization for self preservation or even for expansion (Worth 2011). In most countries, nonprofit making organizations are exempted from taxation. The Nonprofit making organizations employs many people and offers services to the masses freely. It is in this regard, that the Government pardons them and exempts them from the compulsory tax (Gary 2006). An example of a nonprofit making organization is the Nature Conservancy. It is a charitable association based in the United States of America that works to preserve animals, plants and the natural communities which represent Earth’s diversity. They do this by protecting the environment. The organization has helped plant over a billion trees all over the world and it intends to plant 2 billion trees by the year 2015. It has an effort to reclaim 2,500,000 acres and make the place habitable for animals. It selects areas it seeks to preserve by analyzing what is needed in those areas and what can be done to ensure that the preservation of local ecosystems is done. A nonprofit making organization should work with almost all sectors of society in order to achieve its goals (Worth 2011). This includes businesses, partner organizations, government agencies and individuals. The company has also embraced Debt swaps. This is a tool which is used to encourage third world countries to set land aside for conservation in exchange for forgiveness of foreign debt. In the past, nonprofit organizations have relied on donor giving and public funding as their main source of revenue (Hartigan 2006). However, after the 1970’s the many of the nonprofit making organizations have become increasingly involved in the selling of services and many other commercial activities (Worth 2011). This trend has been referred to by many as the commercialization of nonprofit organizations. This trend of commercialization has resulted i nto a fierce debate which up to now remains unsolved (Gary 2006). There are those who support commercialization and there are those who reject it. Those who are in favor of commercialization argue that, commercialization has allowed the nonprofit organizations to be more self sufficient at this time when government funding for nonprofit organizations has been drastically reducing (Worth 2011). On the other hand, those against commercialization have argued that with commercialization, nonprofit organizations will focus on making more money and thus deviate from their original goal which was to offer services to the masses (Hartigan 2006). The risks associated with having a nonprofit enterprise are many. For example, due to the tax exemption the managers of nonprofit making organization can fraudulently steal money from the association as the organizations are not audited by the IRS (Gary 2006). On the other hand, the societies can also lose sight of their mission by engaging too much in business. The benefits of having a nonprofit organization are also many for example, the organizations can sufficiently run their own activities without the need for donor funding (Alvarado 2000). It becomes hard for nonprofit organizations to sufficiently plan for certain activities because donor funding is not constant. However, with sales they can predict the patterns and thus sufficiently plan for the future (Hartigan 2006). Part III: Long Essay Question In this study we are going to review the nonprofit organization Nature conservancy. The organization had an income of approximately $925,817,441. The organization used approximately $525,789,657. The fundraising costs thus seemed balanced. The expenses used in fundraising should not be more than the

Benefits of Effective Human Resource Management Essay

Benefits of Effective Human Resource Management - Essay Example Zakaria, Zainal and Nasurdin define human resource management as â€Å"a philosophy, policy, system and practices that can affect the behavior, attitudes and performance of employees† (2011, p.77). Durkovic (2009) acknowledges the importance of human resource management noting that organizational success significantly depends on the manner in which human potentials are managed. This implies that managers of human resources have to be equipped with the necessary skills in order to produce the best from the employees despite the challenges involved in managing people. The concept of human resource management Human resource management has undergone significant change in theory, practice and research over the previous decades. The pressure from both the internal and external environments has caused HRM to deviate from its administrative tasks as personnel management to adopting its new role as a root of sustainable competitive advantage in organizations (Durkovic, 2009). Previousl y, the functions of HRM as a key driver of success in an organization were ignored. However, in the modern economic environment, its potential role in enhancing the performance of organizations has been appreciated with its practice improving performance through customer and employee satisfaction, productivity, innovation and developing good reputation in an organization’s community. ... Through scientific selection process, it supplies an organization with skilled workers. Similarly, human resource management prepares workers so that they fit within the changing environment through training and development. It encourages experimentation and innovation so that costs would be reduced and productivity increased. This shows that human resource management plays a key role in an organization and should therefore not be undermined. It relates to all organizational activities including production, marketing and finance among others. Jackson, Schuler and Werner (2012) further observe the importance of human resource management in satisfying various stakeholders in an organization including investors, owners, employees, other organizations and the society at large. The concern in this would be in people as resources and not as factors of production. It encompasses the cycle starting from recruitment to selection, hiring and training so as to develop human assets. Required ski lls Effective human resource management requires one to possess the required skills for appropriate management to ensure that organizational objectives are achieved. The basic skills cited by Jackson, Schuler and Werner (2012) include listening, presentation, communication and leadership skills. Negotiation skills would also be critical in ensuring that these managers recruit the best skills in the market at competitive rates. Due to group dynamics in an organization, human resource management calls for skills in group problem solving so as to ensure harmony among the employees. This would be coupled with the demand for team building skills to ensure that the organization works as a team towards a

Life-changing experience Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Life-changing experience - Essay Example I was caught driving while drunk and was sent behind bars. I do not want to recall that unfortunate event but for the sake of learning the lesson, I must remember that. Here, I shall describe that night which changed my life. The experience has totally changed me and has given me a meaningful purpose of living that is beneficial for me and the society as well. Last summer, my friends and I decided to hang out till late night. We picked a point where we were supposed to gather. I grabbed my car, took some money, and there I was in the streets of Mexicali. We had to gather at a point. I met my friends and we had a party. Everything was going good until Michael, a friend of mine, brought drinks. â€Å"Cheers!†, we said and took drink after drink. When we left, I was alone in my car driving back home, drunk. I could not see properly and I could not feel that I was over speeding too. I remember a car coming toward me from the opposite side and all I could hear after that was a loud â€Å"Bang!† My head smashed on the front screen as I forgot to put the seat belt on, and my car’s bonnet got damaged badly. I did not know what happened after that. I woke up with some noise.

Race & the workplace Essay Example for Free

Race the workplace Essay The information derived from the empirical manipulations of race of worker also revealed that depicted race has an influence to the childrens own aspirations in performing different jobs. Primarily, children ranked their own levels of interest in engaging themselves in the depicted novel jobs as notably lower when the jobs had been solely performed by African Americans than when the jobs are exclusively executed by their European counterparts or by both races. Additionally, this information are exceptionally illustrative in the sense that they clearly signify that race of occupational models – independent from the content and operations of these jobs themselves (held constant) – influences the childrens job preferences (Bigler, Averhart Liben, 2003, p. 578). To supplement the manifestation of racial hints in the childrens assessment about jobs at the group levels, the current information also contribute to our comprehension of influential and group differences in the African American childrens job stereotyping, assessments and aspirations. In conformity with the reality theory developed by Hale (1980) which states that the socio – economic factors do appear to affect the childrens job assessments, especially during their adolescent stage. The older children (11 – 12 years of age) coming from families with lower socio – economic backgrounds exhibited less interest in engaging themselves in common jobs that were dominated by their European counterparts, therefore conceived to be higher in rank. Probably, economic factors are significant in this finding, with children from lower socio – economic backgrounds recognizing that they are financially challenged to seek occupations that demands higher educational attainment (Bigler, Averhart Liben, 2003, p. 578). Conforming with the patterns for familiar jobs, children 11 – 12 years of age from higher – but not lower socio – economic backgrounds, were notably more attracted to engage themselves in novel jobs that they deemed to be exclusively carried out by their European counterparts or represented both races than they were in jobs that appear to be exclusively carried out by African Americans. Apparently, it is not feasible to identify the determinant of race of occupational worker in children from various age brackets and economic class solely on the grounds this set of information (cited in Bigler, Averhart Liben, 2003, p.578).. In reference to the findings of Spencer (1985), primarily and in occupational context, the older African American childrens occupational aspirations are affected by their awareness of race prejudice in the society. Financially challenged children may be significantly unprepared to confront the recognized racial prejudice made by the majority (cited in Bigler, Averhart Liben, 2003, p. 578). There is a possibility that the African American childrens economic constraints concepts lessen their interest in the so – called high – status and difficult – to – reach jobs. Nonetheless, it is certain that as young as 6 years of age, African American children have already formed racial foundations that integrate ideals about occupations. Such foundations substantially influence their job concepts and goals. Then again, these foundations significantly vary in relation to the childrens socio – economic status (Bigler, Averhart Liben, 2003, p. 578). Acknowledging the presence of the two types of vicious cycles to race and jobs, the comparison shown between the ratings of status as well as the race of workers is disturbing. For one, African American children, specifically the impoverished ones, may be more inclined to aspire low – status jobs. Such jobs were minorities are overrepresented in. As a result, the dominance of the minorities is kept. However, this can result to another generation of twisted models of impoverished African American. In addition, while there may be jobs made available for more privileged African Americans, in time, just because of their race, they may be dismissed as lower in status in society. Furthermore levels of pay and prestige may also be brought down low (cited in Bigler, Averhart Liben, 2003, p. 578). Ultimately, it is essential to note that this study is but one of the many steps to take in the development of an understanding of how occupational assessments are influenced by race. Socio – economic status is but an estimated indicator of the family incidents that may influence occupational stereotyping and ambitions. Additional studies should be administered to thoroughly observe how financial restrictions formed vocational hopes and ambitions. Moreover, additional studies should encompass considerations of how families talk about occupations, the kinds of role models presented by parent’s own job and how school and neighborhood context influence occupational stereotyping (Bigler, Averhart Liben, 2003, p. 578). Investigating these issues among other samples of African American children and children from other ethnic and racial groups is also vital. Evidently, additional research is required to provide a deeper understanding of the long – term consequences of children with the aid of racial indication as a factor in shaping their opinions on and interests in employment (Bigler, Averhart Liben, 2003, p. 578). Race, gender and ethnicity in the workplace must not be an issue. Rather is must be a goal (Ishimaru, 2005). A wide array of skills is very much needed in the American workplace today. Nonetheless, it cannot be delivered by selected group of people alone. This is where workplace diversity serves its purpose. Different people from different culture must share and respect each other’s views and opinions to be able to work out a solution to a problem and eventually affect success (cited in Ishimaru, 2005). Every business must aim to diversify. Simply put, it is the right thing to do after all. Workplace diversity makes a sound business sense. This commands attentiveness, conceptualization and dedication to be meaningful. Moreover, it demands willingness to examine the traditional way of transacting business and what is valued in its workers (Ishimaru, 2005). To be able to create an improvement in the workplace diversity, it is important to reassess one’s values and be able to articulate what merit means. As society continues diversify further, promoting employees who exhibited â€Å"diversity ability† to relate well with co –workers setting aside social demarcation must be stressed (Ishimaru, 2005). Hope must not be lost. Hope in the possibility that life in the midst of cultural diversity is possible. More than a possibility, this kind of life is a must. A life lived in harmony between people of different races is a life lived well. This translates and transcends race lines previously demarcated, all for the purpose of the common good (Racebridges. net, 2007). Researches validate that working in a diversified environment is linked with more substantial interracial relations. In addition more interracial friendships are also built here. A culturally mixed neighborhood is also an example of a diversified environment (Estlund, 2003, p. 10). There are grounds to believe that the noticeably increased prevalence of recounted friendship among different races stems mainly from increased relations and integration in the workplace. However, for the most part, it is not plainly a story of friendship. It is also about the mutual but scattered sense of connectedness that surfaces out of our everyday collaboration, casual amiability, common interests, complaints and triumphs and disappointment among co – employees. Even so, their potential asset is suggested by the incidence with which they build authentic friendship beyond social demarcation. Racial friction and discrimination did not disappear. Nevertheless, they were certainly lessened and combined with feelings of unity, deference, friendship and likeness (Estlund, 2003, p.11). In reality, it is only in the workplace where a more sustained and collaborative interaction can be feasible. It is only there when we can witness this kind of scenario. Everyone must seek ways to be able to collaborate with one another at any given time. This kind of collaboration must be made between people of different races, cultural background and sexual hierarchies. Workplace diversity, relations and collaboration that transcend social demarcation can be counted on to produce increased acceptance and affinity. Moreover, it can possibly create less aggression and stereotyping between different races, culture and tradition (Estlund, 2003, p. 12). In contrast to other generations, we now live in a society characteristically more diverse, mobile and incorporated than ever before. Today we share the world with not just complete strangers but significantly unique individuals (Estlund, 2003, p. 20). On one hand, the chance to establish thick and multi – strand bonds founded on likeness does not come as often. On the other, chances to establish bonds that transcend social demarcation abound. Yet forming the kind of bond that transcends social demarcation is not at all easy. Without the aid of some degree of compulsion, this kind of bond is impossible. Even so, when it does, it is more probably to be slender and more fractious than the kind of bond founded on likeness (Estlund, 2003, p. 20). In effect, these bonds can build trust. It can create a feeling of togetherness, unity for a cause. In time, compounded with the progress towards impartiality and incorporation within the workplace and beyond, trust may be fostered too (Estlund, 2003, p. 20). After all, no man can live alone. It is a dictate of human nature that we need other people in order to survive. The world is a melting pot of different cultures and that thing will remain certain. Other than separating oneself from those he deems to be different, may all people just learn to love and embrace each other’s uniqueness. There is much more to the diversity of this world. It is there to remind man of his individuality. It exists to teach the lesson that differences can indeed be a venue to learn other things and see the beauty of the world from another perspective. References (1989). Racism. In The World Book Encyclopedia (Vol. 19, p. 62). USA: The World Book, Inc. Bigler, R. S. , Averhart, C. J. Liben, L. S. (2003). Race and the Workforce: Occupational Status, Aspirations, and Stereotyping Among African American Children. American Psychological Association, 39, 572 – 580. Estlund, C. (2003). Working Together: How Workplace Bonds Strengthen a Diverse Democracy. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Ishimaru, S. J. Employment Rights and Responsibilities Committee.(2005, August). Value of Racial Segregation of the workforce today. Retrieved February 27, 2008, from www. bna. com/bnabooks/ababna/annual/2005/001. pdf. Racebridges. net. (2007). We All Have a Race: Addressing Race and Racism. Retrieved February 27, 2008, from www. racebridges. net/schools/2006_2007_lessons/WeAllHaveARace. pdf. Williams, F. T. Gibbsmagazine. com. (2001, April 9). Racism is Still Alive. Retrieved February 25, 2008, from http://www. gibbsmagazine. com/Racism%20Still.

The impact Divorce has on children Essay Example for Free

The impact Divorce has on children Essay Abstract   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Divorce affects children in a different way, depending on their gender, age as well as stage of development. Their world, their security and their constancy seems to fall apart when their parents get divorced. This paper discusses the universal responses that researchers have found among children of divorce, furthermore, recommendations for divorces parents have been discussed as well. The reference page appends 6 sources in APA format. Introduction Family is the place to which everyone belongs and where everyone begins life, thus it is the pillar of a society. The flourishing and prosperity of an individual and family depends upon the close relationship and belongings with other family members. But this family starts suffering when the parents reject each other by divorce or getting separated or never come close to each other.    The impact Divorce has on children Since many divorcing families include children, therefore because of this rejection, the children are the first ones who get affected. Their strength does not get developed as it must have to be resulting in weakness of their character building and which is obvious from addictions, deprivation, abuse and failure. The children thrive when there is a strong relationship between their parents but when the parents divorce or walk away from each other many children wilt and not thrive as much as when their parents were together and belonged to each other. Children whose parents get separated start feeling vulnerable since beginning of the divorce. They feel bereavement due to the disintegration of the intact family. There are some children who are not aware of the trouble going on between their parents, so they feel a great pain and feeling of powerlessness because they lose the non-custodial parents, this all results in reaction in the form of severe anger. (Clarke, 1995)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Other than grief and further traumatic events, children start noticing the impetuous beginning of transformation in their lives, and also experience the dissolving of normal and usual systems, which are distinctive to divorcing families   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The divorcing parents are often worried about their children that what would be the effect on them. Although parents are more concerned about their own problems during that period, they are the most important people in the lives of their children.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Children are consistently scared and puzzled about the threats of their protection and security, whether parents get relieved or devastated from this divorce. For few parents, divorce overwhelms and hurts them so much that they possibly turn to their children for ease and comfort. Parents must explain their children the whole situation that what is going to happen to them and how they are involved so that children should not misinterpret divorce. Children might start acting in the manner that is troublesome and irritating for the beginning few years of divorce. (Amato, 1991) Most of the parents perceive divorce as their issue that the other person has done wrong and it is impossible for him or her to live with that person. By doing this they are actually ignoring their children. Their marital relationship experience inconsistency of loyalty it has extensive implications for children friends, extended families and others. Some of the points of views of children in divorcing families are discussed below. The children of a divorcing family are well aware of the disturbance and change caused by the divorce and they know that the past will not come again and nothing will be same again. All the things will get change including their time table will change and all the contacts with the other relatives will lose resulting in upheaval.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Children in a divorcing family fear that if they will lose one of their parents due to divorce, they might lose the other. So they are threatened of being left alone in the world. They also fear of losing the strong relationship they have with their relatives, siblings, friends and especially their parents to whom they are naturally attached. Being attached to all these since their birth, it is very difficult for them to adjust in the new surroundings and forget the previous ones easily. Since divorce is followed by the number of years stress and tension between the two partners, both parents want to turn their child towards them and against the other and it is a very difficult situation for that child. (Pfeffe, 1981) Why children are influenced by Divorce   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Due to divorce, children whole world is changed and their lives become unstable. Divorce affect varies from children gender, age, personality, the support provided by the family and friends and their stage of development. Parents must make sure that the development of their children should not get affected and does not face any conflict, for that they have to make arrangements on childcare and parenting.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Since infants don’t know much about the situation, they only react to parents’ indifferent mood and changed energy level. While preschool children within 3 to 5 years of age mostly believe that they are the main cause of their parents’ divorce. This age children are threatened of being deserted and left alone. They might start acting like small babies and start denying the change which has come to them. They may get stubborn, disobedient, dishearten, aggressive and annoyed. It is very difficult for the school going children to adjust easily for the divorce.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It is very difficult for the school going children to adjust easily for the divorce. Although they are old enough to realize and are hurt because of their parents’ divorce, but too young to manage their pains and control their reactions. (Roman, 1978)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   They feel great anger, discomfiture, resentment, grief, and divided loyalty. This age children continue hoping that their parents might recoup again. Children of elementary age feel themselves rejected by their divorced parents. Adolescent children in divorcing families also experience aloneness, stress, anger, embarrassment and anger. They are forcibly put into adulthood if they have younger siblings and they want to take their responsibility. Some adolescents take control of the family by responding to their parents’ high stress level and low energy level. They might feel doubtful of their own capabilities to handle their own married life and decide not to get married. They understand the main cause of their parents’ separation. The potential of teens to keep in mind the stress and conflict of divorce may get in the way to the potential to help the family to cope up. Boys in a divorcing family experience more difficulties than girls. In school going children girls possibly experience stress and depression, while boys prove to be more aggressive and use to quarrel on foolish things. But in adolescence, as a whole both girls and boys possibly engage in abusive activities and experience great depression. Getting involved in sexual activities is one of the habits being adopted by the adolescent girls. These types of habits can have a great influence on their entering into the workforce and completion of their school studies. On the other hand boys of this age are involved in taking abusive substances and drugs, make abusive friends and show the wrong attitude. Teen age boys are likely to become parents by getting involved in the sexual activities. This all is observed mainly when the boys are raised by the mothers and girls are raised by fathers.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The children usually feel insecure and are angry about their parents’ separations but sometimes do not express their anger. They feel themselves helpless when they realize that their parents would not come back together. They have a feeling that may be parents have no more love for them and may be they have also being divorced by their parents. While children are raised by the parents of opposite gender, that is girls being looked after their mothers and boys by their father, prove to do better than the previous ones.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Girls being looked after by their mothers prove to be more mature dependable and responsible then being raised by fathers since they are strongly attached and influenced by their mothers. While boys raised by fathers are less aggressive and help their fathers in their work.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Some children in a divorcing family prove to be exceptionally resilient individual since they have faced such kind of challenges and responsibilities due to divorce. Due to such kinds of experiences they prosper and a very strong relationship is being developed among the children and the spouse, with whom they are living. It happens mostly with the girls living with their mothers.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Many children have a belief that they are the main cause of the divorce and can bring their parents back together. For this sometimes they sacrifice their own lives. The effect in the academics is one of the most important impacts on the children in a divorcing family. Even if they are best in studies and always score good grades, during and after the period of their parents separation their grades tend to decrease and they give poorer result. This difference is obvious from the children overall performance. Parents and teachers have to analyze the main problem and help their child to cope us with it and improve his performance but mostly what happens is that they underestimate those children.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Because of this ignorance they are involved in bad habits and their behavior starts getting changed and they spend less time in school and more time with their abusive peers. This happens mostly with boys whose behavior change into more aggressiveness.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   While girls are distressed from the current situation are not able to give concentration on their studies and also not giving their 100% effort. If this continues for children, it affects their lives and they never achieve any success in future.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The children usually feel rejected, insecure, torn between parents and are angry about their parents’ separations but sometimes do not express their anger. They feel themselves helpless when they realize that their parents would not come back together. They have a feeling that may be parents have no more love for them and may be they have also being divorced by their parents. They mourn and grieve since they feel that they are at a great loss and feel guilty for the whole situation. They feel that they would also do the same in their lives and they would not prove to be good parents when they will get married. This reduces their confidence and they stop taking part in activities other than academics or even academics. They think that their friends would make joke of them and their family which loses their confidence and thus cannot talk with others eye to eye. Divorce, if not handled carefully can have bad effects which cannot be controlled. Divorce requires rebuilding the family since beginning and it is in the hand of parents that hot they restructure the whole family, and if it is not maintained effectively it produces adverse effects. Parents should give special care to children especially on occasions such as their birthdays and religious holidays, if not, and then children might feel insecurity so parents should not forget their responsibility and they should not let their child feel that he is alone in this world. (William, 1998)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Step families, either step father or mother is the main threat for children, especially for young aged children. Mostly it has been observed that step father or mother do not give attention and care to their step children, in fact they sometimes start hating them. This also let the children to feel insecure. If there are any step brothers or sisters, and children try to make relationship with them or live their lives as how their step siblings are living, they fail to do so which results in aggression, stress and anger and involving in the bad habits. Recommendations for parents Speak to family regarding your concerns linked to the divorce. This will facilitate them realize what is going on. Spend regular time with your children. Maintain a familiar routine as much as possible. Keep your commitments and the promises you make to your children. If your children have pre-existing psychological, expressive or emotional troubles Look for recommendation and consultation from a qualified health care expert Perform a kind, however firm, style of discipline. Admit children’s approach of annoyance. Facilitate them find satisfactory ways of expressing this annoyance without hurting themselves, other people, animals, or belongings. Give the nurturing and love that your children require, whereas setting firm limits on fierceness and other unsuitable performance. Express that you are concerned in your childs views, however make it obvious that parents are in charge for the judgments.   This can be a great support and can help you deal successfully with your kids and partner. If you cant or dont know how to make things better for your child, dont make matters worse. Build as only some changes as probable. This will aid your kid feel that, regardless of the difficulties, loved ones still care regarding them and that life can be rationally standard. It takes more than 2 years for kids to adjust to their parents’ divorce. Considerate and keeping in close contact with your children, you will assist them develop into well-adjusted and creative adults by means of love. (Hetherington, 1998) Conclusion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Divorce is the collapsing of married couple and their family. For children it is very difficult to absorb their parent’s divorce. In support of obvious reasons, divorce appears to be very stressful for children. This trauma results in long term behavioral change which is atypical unmanageable, and conceivably continual and persistent. For children, divorce is a severely traumatic experience irrespective of their development stage and age group. Most of the children are already prepared for their parents’ separation as they are well aware of the situation and thus are ready for the impending divorce And those who are not prepared, for them and their lives divorce plays a devastating role. It usually takes 2 to 3 years or more for children to get adjust to their parents’ divorce. Parents can help out their children to become well established and productive adults, by giving them love, caring, understanding and getting in touch and having close relations with their children, References   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Pfeffer, C.R. (1981). Developmental issues among children of separation and divorce In: I.R. Stuart L.E. Abt (Eds.). Children of separation and divorce: Management and treatment (pp. 20-32). Atlanta: Van Nostrand Reinhold.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Roman, M., and Haddad, W. (1978). The disposable parent. New York: Holt, Rhinehart and Wilson.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Amato, Paul R., Keith, Bruce. (1991). Parental divorce and the well-being of children: A metaanalysis. Psychological Bulletin, 110(1), 26-46.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Clarke, S. C. (1995). Advanced report of final marriage statistics: 1989 and 1990. Monthly Vital Statistics Report, 43(12) Supplement.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Hetherington, E. Mavis; Bridges, Margaret; Insabella, Glendessa M. (1998). What matters? What does not? Five perspectives on the association between marital transitions and childrens adjustment. American Psychologist, 53(2), 167-184.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Jeynes, William H. (1998). Does divorce or remarriage have the greater negative impact on the academic achievement of children? Journal of Divorce and Remarriage, 29(1-2), 79-100.

The Role of Youth Work in Modern Ireland

The Role of Youth Work in Modern Ireland Introduction The focus of this essay is the role of youth work in modern Ireland, in addition, to providing examples from practice. Youth work can generally be defined as teaching young people in an informal context as it usually occurs out of school and consists of various activities that aim to provide new opportunities for ‘young peoples social development’( Hurley Treacy, 1993). In Ireland, youth work has been regulated and State involvement has been visible under legislations such as Youth Work Act 2001 and the National Youth Work Development Plan 2003-2007 (Burgess Herrman, 2010). Within youth work an individual can volunteer to help young people or can be a paid worker within the field. Throughout history Irish youth work has relied enormously on ‘voluntary effort’ both individual and institutional (Devlin, 2012). This will discuss the role of a volunteer, a paid youth worker, as well as comparing both of these roles. Volunteerism The goal of volunteering is to help individuals, groups, organization, cause, or a community, without expecting any material rewards (Musick Wilson, 2007). Within the realm of youth work the service providers can either be paid or volunteer their time. However, there is much more to a community other than its geographic location, the community, is a ‘social and psychological entity that represents a place, its people, and their interaction’ (Luloff Bridger, 2003; Wilkinson, 1991 cited in Brennan (2007). The majority of youth work in Ireland is voluntary, therefore, the voluntary action and social participation can be viewed as the key to the development of the community (Devlin, 2010) in Ireland volunteerism has been consistent with the youth work policy. Three major factors that contribute to volunteerism is that the service is not compulsory, not paid, and non-statutory (Devlin, 2010). Voluntary youth work organisations are non-statutory an example of this can be seen in youth work organisations that have ‘voluntary management committee’ in comparison to paid ones that are appointed in other organizations (Doran, 2014a). Young people are not required to go to a youth work organization as it is not compulsory which is markedly different from their relationship with the formal education system (Devlin, 2010). There are different types of volunteering such as formal volunteering this consists of a volunteer having direct contact with young people of the service, this is much more directly linked to affluent areas wherein the voluntary youth services, have more volunteers in comparison to paid professionals. According to Doran (2014a), there is an average of ‘50 volunteers to 1 paid professional worker in voluntary services and 6 volunteers to 1 paid professional worker in community youth work projects’ (Doran, 2014a). Whilst there are formal volunteerism there is also informal this usually occurs in disadvantaged areas, and can more often occur when family or friends try to help out a parent or young person. Volunteers also help make aware of issues that are occurring within the community and encourage ‘outreach programs that partner with ongoing voluntary activities’ (Brennan, 2007). Thus, creating a greater result by coordinating efforts between group and may result in meeting young people’s needs. Moreover, volunteering can also create a positive and friendly atmosphere for children as it allows different individuals with an array of skills to feature their many talents and abilities to the youth work setting (Doran, 2014a). Through voluntary efforts young people and volunteers are able to interact with one another and ‘begin to mutually understand common needs’ (Luloff Swanson, 1995 cited in Brennan (2007). Further, this interaction should improve the social, cultural, and psychological needs of younger individuals (Brennan, 2007). Volunteers can also take part in activities within the community such as helping to coach kids sports, field trips, art classes, and mentoring, all of these activities should enhance a young person’s social development. The role of a Youth Worker Youth work in Ireland has become increasingly ‘professionalised over the last decade and has a greater sense of established identity’ (Jenkinson, 2013). Youth work that predominately correlates with paid youth work occurs mainly in disadvantages areas. Furthermore, within disadvantaged areas youth workers participate in a programme known as detached youth work. These programmes allow youth workers to go out and find young people either on the street or youth centres. Youth workers are able to meet young people and grow to develop relationships (Nuffield Foundation, 2008). This service is provided based on mutual trust and developing respect on the young person’s terms e.g. going to a local area at night where young people tend to be. The youth worker will be able to talk to the individuals and assess their needs as the relationship develops workers will be able to reach young people in a comfortable setting. The goal of detached youth work is to build effective re lationships and gain trust. Youth workers act as role models for young people and relationships created supports the personal learning and development of young people (Doran, 2014b).Youth workers now have to work towards an established ‘youth work curriculum’ this is a targeted specified participation rates and evidence of young people’s progression towards and achievement (Nuffield Foundation, 2008). Young people are generally portrayed as a group that are personally or socially lacking in terms ‘of education, morality or even the civilising effects that can only be accessed with the aid youth development worker’ in predominantly disadvantaged area (Belton, 2012). Youth workers have to work with an increasing policy that ‘emphasises targeted, intensive interventions, shaped by a ‘deficit’ model of youth’ (Lee, 2010) The Deficit Model of youth work, reflects a negative perception of young people it is in intended for individuals that are unable to take care of themselves (Lee, 2010). This model presumes that young people are difficult to understand, rebellious, misbehaved and have numerous shortcomings and weaknesses. However, the role of a youth worker should reject the deficit model, and promote a model that emphasises young people as optimistic. Volunteerism and Youth Workers Roles Volunteers and youth workers both work to help and support the community and the welfare of young people. However, while both are working towards a common goal, both fulfill different roles. A youth worker is in charge of doing an array of tasks to assist the youth such delivering programmes and assessing the needs of young people, working within community projects, monitoring and reviewing the quality of the local youth work provision, working with partnerships with professionals from other organisations that support young people such as ‘health, police, education, youth offending teams and local authorities’ (Prospects, n.d.) and drawing up business plans and making formal presentations to funding bodies. These are all significant to continue getting funded so that youth programmes are not ceased, thus, youth workers can continue to provide for young people within the area (Prospects, n.d.). In contrast, volunteers are unpaid and working freely on their own time. Volun teers work primarily face-to-face with the youth and help to provide a safe environment for young people as well as contributing to specific skills that may help young people e.g. social skills. Further, to encourage young people to be socially active and participate within their community. Both of these roles are different yet everyone is working towards helping young people. Conclusion Overall, the main objective of this essay was to describe the role of volunteers and youth workers within modern Ireland. Whilst this essay gave a clear understanding of both volunteers and youth workers it also gave an account of their roles within youth work and their similarities and differences. Thus, concluding that while both roles are different both of these groups are a valuable part of the community and in young people lives. References Belton, B. (2012) Professional Youth Work: A Concept and Strategies. Available at: http://thecommonwealth.org/sites/default/files/events/documents/Professional%20Youth%20Work.pdf. [Accessed 22 November 2014] Brennan, M. A. (2005). Volunteerism and community development: A comparison of factors shaping volunteer behavior in Irish and American communities. (pp.61, 67) Journal of Volunteer Administration, 23(2), 20. Burgess, P., Herrmann, P. (Eds.). (2010). Highways, Crossroads and Cul de Sacs (Vol. 8). (pp.72). BoD–Books on Demand. Devlin, M. (2010) Youth work in Ireland–Some historical reflections. Available at: http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/3063/1/MD_Youth_Work.pdf. [Accessed 22 November 2014] Doran, C. (2014a). Detached Youth Work Lecture: Course Notes. Institute of Technology Blanchardstown. Doran, C. (2014b). Volunteerism: Course Notes. Institute of Technology Blanchardstown. Hurley, L., Treacy, D. (1993). Models of youth work: a sociological framework. (pp.1) Irish YouthWork Press. Jenkinson, Hilary (2013) Youth Work in Ireland – A Decade On, Irish Journal of Applied Social Studies: Vol. 13: Iss. 1, Article 1. Available at: http://arrow.dit.ie/ijass/vol13/iss1/1 [Accessed 22 November 2014] Musick, M. A., Wilson, J. (2007). Volunteers: A social profile.(pp.1) Indiana University Press. Lee, F. W. L. (2010). Nurturing Pillars of Society: Understanding and Working with the Young Generation in Hong Kong (Vol. 1).(pp.29-31). Hong Kong University Press. â€Å"Nuffield Review† (2008). Available at:http://www.nuffieldfoundation.org/sites/default/files/files/11%20Lessons%20from%20Detached%20Youth%20Work%20Democratic%20Education2.pdf. [Accessed 19 November 2014] Prospects (n.d.) Youth Worker. Available at:http://www.prospects.ac.uk/youth_worker_job_description.htm. [Accessed 14 November 2014] 1

Is the Cause of Terrorism Islam, or Foreign Policy? :: September 11 Terrorism Essays

Was the Cause of September 11 Islam or Foreign Policy? George W. Bush has taken a stand on the true nature of Islam, calling it, for instance, a "religion of peace." As strange as this is to hear from the president of the United States, Bush's declarations have given rise to a good deal of useful public discussion about Islam. Unfortunately, this discussion has too often accepted the confused terms of the president's rhetoric: Is there, or is there not, something wrong in the nature of Islam? Salman Rushdie ("Yes, This is About Islam," New York Times 11/2/01) and Jonathan Ebel ("Territory is Not Mind," Sightings 11/15/01) both make some useful points in the process of taking up the question, but somehow leave standing the president's fundamental misconception that a religion has an essence. Surely it is not fair to say that September 11 is "about" Islam. Violent hatred and intolerance can be adduced in too many corners of the religious world to imagine that it comes, simply, from the doctrines of one holy book or another. At the same time, it is difficult for me to blame Salman Rushdie, especially, for perceiving something within Islam today that is prone to violence. His non-violent, literary attack on Islam was, after all, taken by some Muslims to justify very real threats to his life. And, he marshals some reasonable evidence that many Muslims do believe that Islam is on board with the September 11 terrorists. Still, we ought not to declare that September 11 is "about" Islam, especially if this means that we ignore "foreign policy, humanity, global society, and the just ordering thereof"-- which Ebel says are obviously what September 11 is also "about." Ebel's list implies that a larger, broader causal story needs to be told, rather than simply to say that Islam gave us the horrors of September 11. I agree wholeheartedly. Believing too simplistic a causal story carries both moral and practical flaws. If Islam itself -- or something in its nature -- was the cause of the attacks, we could only prevent further attacks by preventing further Islam. In this way, such a simplistic belief would tend to sanction persecution if not genocide against Muslims. From a practical standpoint, we will have to understand the details of the real, long-term causal story if we wish to minimize the threat of repeated terrorism in America.

Essay --

Experimental findings suggest by performance on a variety of different tasks, episodic memory (EM) for specific events declines as a function of advancing age, even in healthy individuals (episodic memory; Tulving., 1983; Light., 1991; Craik & Jennings., 1992). The question of how best to account for this decline in functional terms is a long-standing one (Light., 1991). This paper will focus on the use of functional neuroimaging to investigate the neural correlates of age-related changes in episodic memory encoding between older and younger adults. With specific focus on the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus regions. With the emergence of functional neuroimaging technology, significant advancements in current knowledge of the human memory have evolved. Through such technology, the measurement of cerebral metabolic activity can be measured during cognitive tasks (Langley & Madden., 2000). This enables the identification of specific brain regions involved in recruiting specific memory processes activated during cognitive tasks (Langley & Madden., 2000). Recent availability of these neuroimaging techniques has provided informative insight for theories of memory, opening an avenue for further research into cognitive age-related neuroscience. Until recently much age-related memory decline has been documented through behavioural studies, suggest that some aspects of memory functioning during aging have age-associated structural brain changes (Langley & Madden., 2000). Increasing numbers of studies have explored the associations between these memory deficits and structural changes, (eg., Golomb et al., 1994; Raz et al., 1998, 1999; as cited in Langley & Madden., 2000). As humans age, many impairments occur in the cognitive syst... ...g of similar (not dissimilar) objects compared to younger adults. Similarly this response predicted behavioural performance within both groups and evidently found to be related to structural changes within this region. This study provides valuable evidence for age-related differences within the hippocampal, these changes may impact older adults performance on a range of episodic memory tasks. Similarly Wilson et al’s. (2006) model that accounts for age-related susceptibility to interference, suggests that age-related changes in the DG may result in less efficient pattern separation due to an impaired ability to reduce similarity among new input pattern (Wilson et al., 2006). Therefore it may be suggested that age-related difference discussed in the evidence above can be associated with natural/general deterioration of healthy ageing individuals. In summary†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.

schindlers list Essay -- essays research papers

Schindlers List is a movie that takes place during WWII. The movie begins in Krakow, Poland just after the collapse of the Polish army, and at the beginning of the German occupation. Oskar Schindler, a tall handsome womanizer arrives in the city looking to open a factory in order to gain profits from the war. At the time, Jewish people were no long permitted to own a business, so Oskar obtains a factory from a Jewish man named Itzhak Stern, and makes Stern his accountant and manager. The two men form a strange relationship, with Oskar taking advantage of Sterns talent, and Stern distrustingly but obediently following Schindlers orders. Schindler goes to the Jewish ghetto to get the rich Jewish people to invest into his factory, and to get the poor Jews to work for him, since they can provide him with cheap labor. By way of the black market, Schindler obtains numerous delicacies such as liquor and hcocolate for the SS and German officers and sends them gift baskets to get on their go od side. Schindler spent his days entertaining the Nazis, and spending time with his numerous women, while leaving the work of running the factory to Itzhak because in Schindlers mind, he was very capable.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When Schindler met with Stern, he would tell him stories of how the Jews were being treated. Initially, Schindler took these stories as nothing, however as time went on, Schindler began to feel increasingly more impacted about how the Jews were being treated. He w...

Climate Council

Climate Council The organisation chosen is Climate Council, which has made great part in doing study on the clime alteration to the populace. Climate council is non-profit organisation set up to go on to register studies to the populace to do them be cognizant of the clime alteration state of affairs at the present.Introduction of Climate CouncilClimate Council is an Australian non-profit organisation ( NGO ) , which is established to supply a better image and manner for the populace to acquire to cognize facts of clime alterations. Till now, the NGO is funded by contributions from public. At first, Climate Council is named as Australian Climate Commission, launched by the former opinion party Labor Party in 2011 as an independent consultative group to register studies to the populace on clime alteration. After the new party came into force in 2013, the Climate Council is dismissed for avoiding duplicate of services. But thanks to the state of affairss that many people are appealing to the reinstate ment of Climate Council both in world and online, the Climate Council was set up in 2013 by Tim Flannery, a former head commissioner of the Climate Commission. And harmonizing to Flannery, the council members are working pro bono. Till now, Climate Council is running based on people’s contribution. And the head director has promised that people could donate, but they could ne'er impact their independency and credibleness by contribution ( Guardian, 2013 ) .Valuess of Climate CouncilHarmonizing to Smith and Gruber ( 2006 ) , throughout the history of Earth, clime alteration is a immense job at the present. The job is non whether clime alteration exists, but when, where and how much serious clime alteration is at the minute ( Bulkeley & A ; Betsill, 2002 ) . The first value of Climate Council is consciousness of clime alteration state of affairs and its influence by the populace. Climate Council is set up by the Labor Party once more to assist the populace to be cognizant of the state of affairs of clime alteration and the influences clime alterations would hold on people’s life. At first it was dumped by the authorities governments, but as public is appealing to the Climate Council extremely both online and in world, Climate Council is established once more for the interest of the populace. As ideas of the populace is developing, clime alterations is more and more serious and the populace is more cognizant of the influences brought approximately by clime alterations, the populace would love to cognize more about the current state of affairs of the clime alteration and its consequence on different facets of our life. Furthermore, to cognize more about the society and universe people are populating in is an equal right for all the people. In Australia, people’s consciousness of clime alteration is developing and people would make more to assist the lone Earth to be a better topographic point for people and their coevalss to populate. Therefore, people’s consciousness of the state of affairs of clime alteration and its consequence is a basic right for the people populating in Australia. That is to state, Climate Council is making a great occupation in recognizing people’s right of consciousness, as a non-profit organisation. What is more, when people know more about the consequence brought approximately by clime alterations, people would make more to cut down green-house gases, cut down pollution and assist the Earth to be a more comfy and sustainable topographic point for their coevalss to populate, which is a win-win motion. Second, its value is non-profit. Before 2011, Climate Council is a portion of Australian authorities and their staff get paid by the revenue enhancement of the people. After 2013, Climate Council is a non-profit organisation. Non-profit organisation is a sort of organisation which does non concentrate on profitable industry, and stress on public personal businesss to better public public assistance, such as instruction, human rights, environment and so on. Non-profit organisation is the sort of organisation reflecting people’s consciousness of attention, love and part. The staff in Climate Council is now working pro bono, which is worthy of regard from foreigners. And their good religion should be spoken extremely of. Third, its value is independency. Till now, Climate Council gets contributions from the populace. But the current job is that the fund is non a stable flow of fund, but a flexible one, which would non be a good pick for a long-run run. As a consequence, the main executive of Climate Council is looking for a stable and large company or several investors to corporate. With the long-run stable fund, they might make better on their research and study on clime alteration. But here comes another job which is that its independency may be affected by the largest investors. But the main executive has stated that they will remain independency and will non be affected by any other 3rd party ( Guardian, 2013 ) . Fourthly, its value is credibleness. The credibleness of Climate Council is an indispensable component to the consciousness of people. Peoples would make as they suggested to assist the universe to be a better topographic point, which means that the study people’s action is based on should be trusting. Since Climate Council is a 3rd party funded by contribution from the populace, its non-profit characteristic would assist Climate Council to be more creditable when doing studies on clime alteration to the populace. Since Climate Council is set up, non intend for money but meant to make more to assist the populace to acquire to cognize the clime alterations and its consequence so as to assist cut down the release of green-house gases, the credibleness of Climate Council is made certain. What is more, when Climate Council would acquire contributions from some certain companies or groups for stable and long-run undertaking, the head director has promised that the study of the inst itute would remain creditable and will non be affected by any other 3rd party. The statement of the main executive makes certain that the people could swear the study of Climate Council and so do some actions and motions towards the jobs it refers to or harmonizing to some suggestions Climate Council has made in those studies ( Guardian, 2013 ) . I agree to the full on the values of Climate Council, which are warrant of people’s rights of consciousness of clime alteration and its side effects, non-profit, independency and credibleness. The rights of people’s consciousness is portion of human rights, which is pulling more and more attending on the international universe. As an institute of appealing to people to protect the environment, non-profit shows their purpose is environmental protection. Independence and credibleness make sure that the study of Climate Council is trusting and people could do reactions harmonizing to the studies. As a consequence, I am to the full for the above mentioned four values of Climate Council.Interests of Climate CouncilThe involvements of Climate Council would be divided into three parts. First of wholly, from the position of capital, since the institute is non-profit and all the fund it receives would be used on the study of clime alteration, as a effect, the institute will non acquire capital as net incomes. And because the staff are working pro bono, the staff themselves will non acquire a big amount of money as payment. As a consequence, both the institute and its staff will non acquire money as involvements. Second, the involvements of the institute and staff are non-profit and for the public assistance and involvements of the populace. The public’s right of consciousness of clime alteration and its side effects to their life criterions would be served and guaranteed. Third, the involvements of the institute are for the interest the Earth and all the people populating on it. Because when people find out the current serious state of affairs of clime alteration and its side consequence to their life criterions and the Earth, the protection of the clime and the Earth would be enhanced. As a consequence, the Earth would be protected and the life criterions and wellness of people and their coevalss would be guaranteed. As a effect, the whole involvements of Climate Council would be for the involvements of all Australians, all the human existences and the Earth. I am extremely for their high consciousness of part. To do it more practical than a promise, I would propose Climate Council would put up a promotion system to hold all their contributions and costs known by the populace, as many non-profit organisations do. This action would do its studies more independent, trusting and dependable.Advocacy Positions.From the studies of Climate Council, the protagonism place it takes is that human existences should take duty of clime alteration due to factory pollution, coal combustion and other industrial actions, merely as Susan ( 2009 ) has wrote in her book. And it has stand for animate beings that animate beings are non the chief grounds for clime alteration, merely the same with Steinfeld’s point of position ( 2006 ) . What is more, natural catastrophe is non chief cause for clime alteration, ei ther ( Climate Council Report, 2014 ) . There are two facets of its protagonism place Climate Council stands for. On the one manus, its protagonism place could be that the rights of Australians to hold a better apprehension of clime alteration and its bad effects to human being’s life could be realized and guaranteed. On the other manus, one time the public get a better apprehension of clime alteration and its side effects, Australians would make their best to protect the environment, tonss of runs would be launched to cut down the release of green-house gases, such as C dioxide and so on. After people’s consciousness has been aroused and motion has been made to better the quality of environment, a better topographic point for life could be looked frontward to in the close hereafter. To sum up, the protagonism place of Climate Council is people’s consciousness and the environment protection. On the one manus, the consciousness of clime alteration and its side effects could be get by the pubic, which is besides their right to hold a better apprehension of the continent they are populating on. On the other manus, the Earth would be protected in a more effectual and efficient manner. In the terminal, the concluding purpose of Climate Council would be realized. 5. Use of Science The usage of scientific discipline could be divided into two parts, one is that Climate Council is utilizing scientific discipline to distribute their thought of environment protection and the other is that people could utilize scientific discipline power to construct a better universe with less pollution, as what Americans ballot for ( National Research Council, 2010 ) . Because of the development of computing machines, laptops, smart phones, web sites and other on-line societal webs, Climate Council could be small to distribute their study and environmental positions to other people online. From the studies, one can state that people are reading and distributing the studies through Tweet, its official web and other societal webs. In this means, more people could acquire to their clime studies with no fees attached. In the study â€Å"Be prepared: clime alteration and NSW bushfire threat† , statistics and economic statistics are used throughout the study, such as â€Å" in 2013, bushfires in January and October burnt 768,000 hectares of land and destroyed 279 homes† , â€Å"total economic costs of NSW bushfires in 2014 are projected to be $ 43 million† ( Climate Council Report, 2014 ) and so on. Thankss to science development, statistics could be used to depict the influence of bushfire and clime alteration in a specific manner. Peoples would be moved by the particular and big figure of losingss, which would elicit their willingness to protect the Earth female parent. In the study named â€Å"Your forenoon caffeine hit is at risk† ( Climate Council Report, 2014 ) , picture is used to show their thoughts, which is a field, graphic manner for audience to detect, besides thanks to the development of scientific discipline. In the study related to coastal flood menace ( Brisbane Times, 2014 ) , thanks to the power of scientific discipline, scientists would acquire to cognize the grounds doing coastal flood menace and would supply ways to work out the job scientifically. In another study named â€Å"Solar: people’s choice† ( Climate Council Report, 2014 ) , scientific discipline development aid people to utilize solar power as a agency to warm their bath H2O and room. The clean and natural resources could non be turned into power for human existences to utilize without the aid of extremely developed engineering and scientific discipline. Science could assist the universe to cut down pollution and do a more comfy topographic point to populate. About usage of scientific discipline by Climate Council, I would propose that more work could be done. For illustration, I find out that people would love to portion a picture study made by Climate Council instead than a written version. As a effect, Climate Council could do more video study to better their influence. After all, their purpose is to do more and more people get entree to the clime studies and know the study content which would elicit their purpose to protect the environment and the continent they are populating on.DecisionAs for values of Climate Council, I speak extremely of its four values, which are warrant of rights of people’s consciousness of clime alteration and its side effects, non-profit, independency and credibleness. As to involvements of Climate Council, I would state that, the institute is working for the public assistance of the populace of Australian, even people throughout the universe. It would be better if they have their contributions and cos ts known to public. With respect to its protagonism place, Climate Council is working to protect environment in the terminal. About the usage of scientific discipline, they could utilize video more when distributing the studies to do more people get entree to the studies. Mentions Bulkeley, H. & A ; Betsill, M. ( 2002 ) .Cities and Climate Change. London ; New York: Routledge. National Research Council. ( 2010 ) .America ‘s Climate Choices: Panel on Advancing the Science of Climate Change.Washington, D.C. : The National Academies Press. Smith, T. M. , Yin, X. & A ; Gruber, A. ( 2006 ) . Variations in one-year planetary precipitation ( 1979–2004 ) , based on the Global Precipitation Climatology Project 2.5 ° analysis.Geophysical Research Letters, 33 ( 6 ) . Solomon, S. , Plattner, G. K. , Knutti, R. & A ; Friedlingstein, P. , ( 2009 ) . Irreversible clime alteration due to carbon dioxide emanations.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 106 ( 6 ) . Steinfeld, H. , Gerber, P. , Wassenaar, T. , Castel, V. , Rosales, M. & A ; C. de Haan. ( 2006 ) . Livestock ‘s Long Shadow: Environment Issues and Options. Climate Council. ( 2014 ) . Be prepared: clime alteration and the NSW Bushfire Threat, retrieved Oct 28Thursday, 2014 from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.climatecouncil.org.au/be-prepared-climate-change-and-the-nsw-bushfire-threat Climate Council. ( 2014 ) . Your forenoon caffeine hit is at hazard, retrieved on Oct 26Thursday, 2014 from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.climatecouncil.org.au/your-morning-caffeine-hit-is-at-risk Climate Council. ( 2014 ) . Solar: the people’s pick, retrieved on Oct 26Thursday, 2014 from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.climatecouncil.org.au/solar-the-people-s-choice Hannam, P. ( 2014 ) . Coastal flood menace rises, says Climate Council,Brisbane Times,retrieved on Oct 26Thursday, 2014 from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.brisbanetimes.com.au/environment/climate-change/coastal-inundation-threat-rises-says-climate-council-20140916-10hqe6.html Milman, O. ( 2013 ) . Climate council faces ‘titantic struggle’ , says Tim Flannery,The Guardian,retrieved on Oct 26Thursday, 2014 from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.theguardian.com/environment/2013/sep/24/climate-council-faces-titanic-struggle